A Membrane Bioreactor MBR is a sophisticated system used for treating wastewater. It combines biological treatment with membrane filtration to achieve high levels of purification. In an MBR, microorganisms grow within an aeration tank, consuming organic matter and nutrients present in the wastewater. This process effectively removes contaminants th

PVDF membrane bioreactors have become a promising approach for purifying wastewater. These modules harness porous PVDF membranes to remove contaminants from wastewater, producing a cleaner effluent. Numerous studies show the capabilities of PVDF membrane bioreactors in treating various pollutants, including biochemical oxygen demand. The outcomes o